Infecciones respiratorias agudas en los niños: medidas de apoyo en el nivel primario
Acute respiratory infections in children: support measures at the primary level
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s.d., 1986
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Versión condensada del documento presentado al Grupo de Trabajo por Edgar Mohs
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Item Infecciones respiratorias agudas en los niños: posibles medidas de control(s.d.)Las infecciones respiratorias agudas, que representan el 50 por ciento aproximadamente, de los casos de enfermedades que deben notificarse a las autoridades y de las consultas pediátricas de pacientes ambulatorios en los países en desarrollo, son también una de las principales causas de las enfermedades contraídas en los hospitales y de mortalidad por enfermedades nosocomiales. En 1982, por ejemplo, fueron la causa de alrededor del 35 por ciento de las infecciones contraídas en el Hospital Nacional de Niños de San José, Costa Rica. El 25 por ciento de esos pacientes contrajeron neumonía y bronconeumonía y, debido en parte a otros problemas graves de salud, el 16 por ciento de los pacientes afectado fallecieronItem Cost of lost productivity from acute respiratory infections in South America(2023)[ABSTRACT]. Objectives. To estimate the burden of permanent productivity losses caused by acute respiratory infections in South American countries in 2019. Methods. Mortality data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were analyzed to estimate the burden of disease attributable to acute respiratory infections. An approach based on the human capital method was used to estimate the cost of permanent productivity losses associated with respiratory diseases. To calculate this cost, the sum of the years of productive life lost for each death was multiplied by the proportion in the work- force and the employment rate, and then by the annual minimum wage or purchasing power parity in United States dollars (US$) for each country in the economically active age groups. Separate calculations were done for men and women. Results. The total number of deaths from acute respiratory infections in 2019 was 30 684 and the years of productive life lost were 465 211 years. The total cost of permanent productivity loss was about US$ 835 mil- lion based on annual minimum wage and US$ 2 billion in purchasing power parity, representing 0.024% of the region’s gross domestic product. The cost per death was US$ 33 226. The cost of productivity losses differed substantially between countries and by sex. Conclusion. Acute respiratory infections impose a significant economic burden on South America in terms of health and productivity. Characterization of the economic costs of these infections can support governments in the allocation of resources to develop policies and interventions to reduce the burden of acute respiratory infections.Item Curso sobre organizacion de las acciones de control de las infecciones respiratorias agudas a nivel local: manual del participante(1996)Las bases de este documento fueron discutidas por un grupo de trabajo reunido en el CLAP, Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatologia y Desarrollo Urbano (Revision 22 de febrero de 1996)Item Competencia de los trabajadores de salud comunitarios para tratar infecciones respiratorias agudas infantiles en Bolivia(1994)Se estableció un método de adiestramiento y evaluación basado en la competencia para mejorar y evaluar el tratamiento de las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) administrado a los niños pequeños por los trabajadores de salud comunitarios de Bolivia. Este método se empleo para evaluar a tres grupos de trabajadores bolivianos, ofrecerles un curso de actualización de un día sobre el tratamiento de las IRA y evaluar los efectos del mismo. Los resultados mostraron que los trabajadores pueden adquirir los conocimientos prácticos necesarios para tratar eficazmente los casos de IRA, de acuerdo con la estrategia establecida para ese fin por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Sin embargo, se observó que era importante acentuar en el adiestramiento la forma de contar el nnúmero de respiraciones de los niños con taquipnea y de identificar los casos de tiraje. En general, los métodos basados en la competencia parecieron ser eficaces para adiestrar a esos trabajadores y evaluar su desempeño en el tratamiento de los casos de IRA; se prevé que esos métodos serán utiles para otras intervenciones en materia de salud comunitariaItem Infecciones respiratorias agudas en ninos menores de dos anos de la zona rural de Guatemala(s.d.)An epidemiologic study was carried out from October 1977 to September 1978 on children under two years of age living on several coffee plantations in southern Guatemala who presented various clinical manifestations of acute respiratory infection. The purpose of the sutdy was to examine the relationship between the illness and the socioeconomic characteristics and nutritional status of the same population. At the same time, an evaluation was made of the degree to which the health posts located on the plantations were used in providing care for the infections. On the basis of the consultations done at these posts and from bi-weekly home visits by a team of trained health promoters, information was collected during each quarter on the frequency and duration of nasal secretion, cough, stertor, as well as on the children's physical growth and their socioeconomic characteristics. The clinical manifestations were correlated with several risk factors reflecting certain socioeconomic characteristics, such as the availability of drinking water in the home, the degree of literacy of the head of family, and type of housing. There were notable negative values in the z score for all anthropometric indicators, signifying retarded physical growth in the children studied. This retardation was greater in those who had one or more episodes of clinically acute respiratory infection than those who did not have any