WHO program and budget
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s.d., 1987
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The World Health Organization currently faces a serious financial crisis. The following commentary, excerpted from WHO Director-General Halfdan Mahler's introduction to the proposed WHO programs budget for the financial period 1988-1989, describes the general nature of that crisis and certain considerations influencing the WHO reponse to it
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Item X Ad Hoc Meeting of the PAHO Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 31 May 2023. Virtual(PAHO, 2023)In July 2021, the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Immunizations for the Americas stated, "The Region is facing an impending crisis around routine vaccination." At that time, 1.7 million children younger than one year in the Americas (14%) had never received a single dose of vaccine. Brazil and Mexico reported about half of this figure. Across the Region, 2.7 million children in the same age cohort – nearly one in five – were under-vaccinated. One year later, in July 2022, the United States reported its first case of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) since 2013. One month later, Canada reported positive wastewater samples for circulating VDPV2. In March 2023, Peru reported one confirmed case of VDPV1—a zero-dose child with no history of travel in the province of Loreto, on the border with Brazil and Colombia. During its last meeting, the TAG recommended countries and territories focus their political, technical, and financial commitment to halt the decline in vaccination coverage by December 2023. Given the risk of importation and emergence of global circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), countries that have not yet introduced the second dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) should do so immediately to reduce the pool of children susceptible to poliovirus type 2 (PV2). During the 31 May 2023 meeting, the PAHO secretariat presented to TAG members an update on the polio situation in the Americas. The secretariat proposed the co-administration of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in response to polio events or outbreaks to continue closing immunity gaps as quickly and effectively as possible and to bolster immunity in hard-to-reach populations. Additionally, the secretariat provided the latest information on whole-cell pertussis (wP) hexavalent vaccine and asked TAG members to provide considerations for the PAHO Director, Dr. Jarbas Barbosa, to guide countries and territories that are evaluating its introduction in the national immunization schedule. Finally, the TAG recommended the use of a one-dose HPV vaccination schedule for all girls 9 through 14 years of age if the immunogenicity of the vaccine product and long-lasting immunity conferred by the one-dose schedule have been documented.Item World health for all: To be!(s.d.)Item Program Budget of the Pan American Health Organization 2020-2021. (Official Document;358)(PAHO, 2020)This Program Budget 2020-2021 forms a results-based “contract” between the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB or “the Bureau”) and PAHO Member States, with each undertaking to perform the respective actions necessary to achieve the health outcomes and outputs contained herein. The approval, implementation, and reporting of this Program Budget is the main means of accountability for the programmatic work of PASB. The budgetary aspect of the Program Budget forms one of the two main pillars of financial accountability (along with the annual Financial Report of the Director and Report of the External Auditor). With a few notable exceptions, the sum total of PASB’s work for the next two years is represented in this Program Budget.Item Evaluation of the Pan American Health Organization Program Budget Policy 2020–2025. Annexes(PAHO, 2025-03-10)This document presents the annexes to the publication Evaluation of the Pan American Health Organization Program Budget Policy 2020–2025. Final report. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) introduced the Budget Policy (BP20-25) in 2019 to guide budget allocations from 2020 to 2025, aiming to ensure equity, fairness, and transparency. This evaluation examines the policy’s effectiveness in meeting Member States’ needs, focusing on improvements in budget allocation processes across PAHO’s country, subregional, and regional levels. The evaluation employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, to assess the policy’s influence. Findings indicate that although BP20-25 offers a consistent structure that reduces subjectivity and fosters trust among stakeholders, its effectiveness is hindered by outdated data, lack of clear metrics for compliance, and insufficient communication about the policy’s specifics. Many stakeholders were unaware of the policy details, impacting its transparency and overall effectiveness. The evaluation highlights that while BP20-25 provides a structured framework for budget formulation, its impact on actual budget allocations was limited due to significant deviations during implementation. Key recommendations include setting functional allocation targets that exclude special programs, simplifying country-level guidance to reflect marginal budget changes, and updating the policy every two years with the latest data. Additionally, recalibrating the policy’s components to better assess changes in each country’s needs, producing biannual transparency reports, and developing accessible educational materials are suggested to enhance understanding and transparency. Despite its limitations, the BP20-25 has contributed to a more orderly and efficient budget process within PAHO. The evaluation underscores the importance of continuous improvement and adaptation to ensure the policy remains relevant and effective in guiding budget allocations.Item Evaluation of the Pan American Health Organization Program Budget Policy 2020–2025. Final report(PAHO, 2024-12-19)The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) introduced the BP20-25 in 2019 to guide budget allocations from 2020 to 2025, aiming to ensure equity, fairness, and transparency. This evaluation examines the policy’s effectiveness in meeting Member States’ needs, focusing on improvements in budget allocation processes across PAHO’s country, subregional, and regional levels. The evaluation highlights that while BP20-25 provides a structured framework for budget formulation, its impact on actual budget allocations was limited due to significant deviations during implementation. The evaluation employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, to assess the policy’s influence. Findings indicate that although BP20-25 offers a consistent structure that reduces subjectivity and fosters trust among stakeholders, its effectiveness is hindered by outdated data, lack of clear metrics for compliance, and insufficient communication about the policy’s specifics. Many stakeholders were unaware of the policy details, impacting its transparency and overall effectiveness. Key recommendations include setting functional allocation targets that exclude special programs, simplifying country-level guidance to reflect marginal budget changes, and updating the policy every two years with the latest data. Additionally, recalibrating the policy’s components to better assess changes in each country’s needs, producing biannual transparency reports, and developing accessible educational materials are suggested to enhance understanding and transparency. Despite its limitations, the BP20-25 has contributed to a more orderly and efficient budget process within PAHO. The evaluation underscores the importance of continuous improvement and adaptation to ensure the policy remains relevant and effective in guiding budget allocations.