Método para mejorar la enseñanza de la nutrición en las Escuelas de Medicina
A method to improve the quality of Medical School instruction in the field of nutrition
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s.d., 1971
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The essential principle for improving the teaching of nutrition, despite the limited amount of resources which plagues most medical schools, consists of initiating certain instructional and coordinating activities among the various departments of these schools. PAHO/WHO has started a project in this respect and has supplied some technical assistance and moderate financial aid. The project, after several attempts since 1969, has introduced a new practical approach which has been applied in medical schools in Brazil. The method is based on recommendations from various conferences on nutrition held from 1959 to 1966. Among the main recommendations mentioned are the following: integrating nutrition within the departmental programs of education; coordinating the instruction of nutrition in the departments of each school and organizing brief courses in order to up-date information about nutrition during the last year of medical studies. PAHO/WHO's financial aid, although symbolic, has been granted in order to provide an initial impetus. It is expected that this aid will last for three years, assuring the continuity through which certain results may be achieved at the end of the period. Through the election of a coordinator from the existing committee, the school will not incur any additional expenses. As for his duties, the coordinator will help to establish a system by which a constant revision ...(AU)
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Item La enseñanza de las enfermedades venéreas en las escuelas de medicina(s.d.)Both medical schools and national health services have been given less attention to the venereal disease problem in the last twenty years, because of the obvious initial success of the penicillin treatment of these infections. Venereology as a regular and compulsory subject in most of the medical schools disappeared, and epidemiological methods of contact tracing were neglected. As a result, a serious national and international public health problem has arisenItem El programa de nutrición aplicada, base del plan nacional de nutrición(s.d.)The sucess of the national food and nutrition program of Colombia is due to a number of factors, including the following:Item Cholera Outbreak in Haiti and Dominican Republic. Situation Report, n.13 (6 February 2023)(PAHO, 2023)In Haiti, as 5 February 2023, the Department of Epidemiology, Laboratories, and Research (DELR) have reported 28,901 suspected cholera cases in all 10 departments of the country. Of these, 2,107 cases have been confirmed in ten departments: 1,205 (57%) in Ouest, followed by 383 in Centre, 106 in Nord, and 104 in Artibonite. In Haiti, PAHO/WHO continues to support the Ministry of Health (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population – MSPP) and partners, including in: - Coordination of the cholera response by strengthening the leadership of the National Unit for management of health emergencies (UNGUS) as the cholera coordination mechanism established by the MSPP. - Support to the Departmental Health Directorates through the deployment of 14 Assistant Epidemiologists in all 10 departments of the country, facilitating timely investigation of cholera alerts, data collection, analysis, and reporting. - Strategic and technical support for the implementation of the first cholera vaccination campaign, in the Ouest and Centre Departments, in which 850,067 people were vaccinated, including 3,797 inmates in the Mirebalais, Carrefour and Port au Prince civil prisons. - Distribution of medical and non-medical supplies for the cholera response in all departments across the country by air and land, including Cholera beds, Rapid Diagnostic Test, Ringer Lactate, laboratory reagents, aqua tabs, etc. In the Dominican Republic, on 1 February the Ministry of Public Health confirmed four new cholera cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 47, eleven of which were imported from Haiti. PAHO/WHO is providing technical and logistical support to the Ministry of Health in investigating and responding to cholera alerts, the development of prevention activities through risk communication and community engagement, as well as in implementation of the ongoing vaccination campaign. On 26 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) Headquarters with all WHO Regional offices took the unanimous decision to label the current Global Cholera situation as a Grade 3 multi-region Public Health Emergency, which is the highest level of institutional priority assigned a public health event, ensuring a higher investment of resources and improved coordination at all levels of the organization to effectively respond to the scale of the emergency. The decision was reached considering the current scale of the ongoing cholera outbreaks, the potential for further international spread, the high urgency due to high levels of mortality and morbidity, complexity factors and the current limited capacity to respond. In Haiti, as 5 of February, a total of 28,901 suspected cholera cases were reported in all ten departments in the country, including cases reported in the Civil Prison in Port-au- Prince. Of these, 2,107 were confirmed by the national laboratory, including 560 deaths. To date, ten departments have reported confirmed cases, with the majority being reported in Ouest (1,205), followed by Centre 383), Nord (106) and Artibonite (104). Since 30 January, there has been an overall increase of 6.65% in suspected cases and a 2.48% increase in confirmed cases across the country (Figure 1). The case fatality rate among suspected cases is 2%. The Ouest Department reported a -1.89% decrease in suspected cases and a 0.84% rise in confirmed cases since 30 January 2023. The other nine departments reported an average increase of 21.04% in suspected cases and a 4.76% rise in confirmed cases during the same period (Figure 1). The most affected municipalities in the Ouest Department continue to be Port-au-Prince, Delmas, Cité Soleil, Carrefour, and Pétion-Ville, where the majority of suspected and confirmed cases are reported.Item Health Conditions in the Americas, 1969-1972(PAHO, 1974)[Preface]. The theme of this publication, the sixth in a series started in 1954, is Health Conditions in the Americas, 1969-1972. The series began as a mere compilation of data, b u t it is gradually taking on the character of a work of reference for use both within the various countries and between one country and another in acquiring a knowledge of health problems and the re sources available for solving them. Statistics have an intrinsic value as an analytical language which describes phenomena or situations, and on the basis of experience helps us to forecast the way they are likely to evolve. They give a picture of things as they are an d help to focus them more closely. They are essential for a knowledge of the past and a forecast of the future. Furthermore, as events take shape, statistics are irreplaceable as a means of adjusting decision-making. In short, they are the basis for modern systems of evaluation and information, which are part of the process of economic and social development planning. All these features are to be seen in health and its various functions: protection, promotion, and recovery of health. With o u t reliable statistics there can be no viable programming. A mere glance at these six publications over the last 20 years indicates how far the da ta have improved in respect of quality, accuracy, and prompt processing and publication. Nevertheless, in some areas in particular, more and better information is required. Examples are data on births and the need for registration of additional facts such as birth order, weight of the child at birth, and age of the mother—data required for identifying the 'groups exposed to the highest risk. As is pointed out in the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Childhood, nutrition a l deficiencies constitute the most serious health problem among deaths analyzed. When this condition accompanies low birth weight, the question of survival is raised and the growth and development of the newborn child are jeopardized. The more serious the state of malnutrition of the mother, the more uncertain the future of the child. More data are required on morbidity, in regard to patients treated both in hospitals and in out patient departments. The latter in particular are far from conforming to the International Classification of Diseases. T h is interferes with the design of health and disease dynamics in the various countries and the formulation of programs aiming a t useful levels of coverage. There is also much less information on persons who fall ill but do not consult a doctor, either because there are no services accessible or because their beliefs and convictions do not prompt them to do so. There is concern among the Governments at the cost of health operations, both preventive and curative, and interest in studying the problem with a view to systematic financing of the various institutions providing medical services. In spite of these and other limitations, the publication now submitted to Governments for their consideration should prove useful in providing a better knowledge of the situation in each country for comparison with the situation in other countries of the Americas, projecting the trends of the problems and the possibility of gradually solving them, and evaluating the goals of the Ten-Year Health Plan 1971-1980. In the developing world we have to consider the negative indicators of well-being, including those of morbidity and mortality. We are still a long way from being able to register the positive indicators reflecting the quality of life, in other words a sound health status enabling every human being to grow, develop, fulfill himself, and contribute to the common good.Item Integración de la medicina preventiva y social en las distintas escuelas de una universidad(s.d.)Modern medicine has various characteristics, especially the integration of its various social functions, and is based on the work of a team composed of physicians and other professional health workers. All professional health workers should have a satisfactory academic training, not only to enable them to apply their specific techniques but also to understand their countries' health problems as a whole. A basic curriculum which might be used in the various departments of preventive medicine might cover: a) epidemiology and control of acute infectious and chronic diseases; b) elements of psychology, medical sociology, and health education; c) social and preventive aspects peculiar to each profession; d) organization of community health services and the resources available to them; e) basic principles of administration. The participation of students from various professions in field work under suitable supervision might strengthen this curriculum. To make this type of training a reality the following mechanisms might be used: a) each school should have its own teaching staff; b) a department of preventive medicine or a school of public health should assume responsibility for the teaching of preventive medicine in all schools; and c) a coordinating committee should examine teaching methods in each school and offer suggestions for making them more efficient, for achieving coordination and where