Ecology and health
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Monge, C. (1978). Ecology and health [Journal articles]. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/27586
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1978
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Item Strategic Plan of the Pan American Health Organization 2020-2025: Equity at the Heart of Health. (Official Document;359)(PAHO, 2020)The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Plan sets out the Organization’s strategic direction, based on the collective priorities of its Member States, and specifies the public health results to be achieved during the period 2020-2025. The Plan establishes the joint commitment of PAHO Member States and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau for the next six years. PAHO Member States have clearly stated that the Strategic Plan is a principal instrument for implementation of the Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018-2030 (SHAA2030) and thus for realizing the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Region of the Americas. The 11 SHAA2030 goals form the impact-level objectives of this Plan. Under the theme Equity at the Heart of Health, this Plan seeks to catalyze efforts in Member States to reduce inequities in health within and between countries and territories in order to improve health outcomes. The Plan identifies specific actions to tackle health inequality, including those recommended by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas, with guidance from the High-level Commission for Universal Health. Four cross-cutting themes are central to this Plan’s approach to addressing the determinants of health: equity, gender, ethnicity, and human rights. In addition to highlighting an integrated multisectoral approach, this Plan applies evidence-based public health strategies, such as health promotion, the primary health care approach, and social protection in health, to address the social determinants. In addition to directly addressing the regional priorities established in the SHAA2030, this Plan aligns with the World Health Organization (WHO) 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13) and with other regional and global mandates in force during the planning period.Item A qualitative socio-ecological characterization of the plague threat at Hermelinda Market, La Libertad, Peru(2017)[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To identify 1) the main determinants of persistent Yersinia pestis circulation and the associated threat of plague at Hermelinda Market—a large farmers’ market in the city of Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru—and the main actions taken against it, as perceived by local stakeholders; 2) the level of plague risk perception among local actors; and 3) recommended actions to solve the plague threat at the market. Methods. A conceptual framework was developed combining a social determinants approach with a complex systems-thinking framework and a knowledge management perspective. A four-step qualitative protocol was carried out (literature review; stakeholder mapping; 37 semi-structured interviews; and coding/analysis). In the fourth step, the data collected in the semi-structured interviews were coded for eight social determinants of health (SDH) variables and analyzed with ATLAS.ti®, and an emerging category analysis was performed to identify risk perception levels. Results. Based on analysis by SDH variable, the three main determinants of the plague threat at Hermelinda Market were: 1) local (Trujillo City) governance, 2) infrastructure and basic services, and 3) local culture. According to the same analysis, actions most frequently undertaken against plague involved 1) infrastructure and basic services, 2) social vigilance, and 3) communication. The emerging category analysis indicated local risk perception levels were low, with most of the data pointing to “unhygienic” (“naturalized”) lifestyles and a general lack of awareness about the disease prior to plague-related health concerns at the market as the cause. Conclusions. The results indicate that the persistent circulation of Yersinia pestis at Hermelinda Market is not simply a technical matter but more of a managerial and cultural problem. As local governance was found to be a main factor in the persistence of this public health threat, future efforts against it should focus on sustainable inter-sectoral planning and education. Actions taken exclusively by the health sector and the improvement of infrastructure and basic services alone will not be enough to reduce the threat of plague at the market.Item Item Sociocultural interactions of Cuban doctors participating in the More Doctors Program in Brazil(PAHO, 2018)[Foreword] This book focuses on a different and underexplored attribute of the More Doctors Program by surveying doctors in the feld with the purpose of identifying important answers regarding the sociocultural interactions of Cuban doctors recruited by the program and of producing knowledge, while also making improvements in the participation, still limited, of foreign doctors in the primary care services offered by SUS. It proposes to induce perceptions, memories, and possible explanations to anyone who is somehow associated with the Program’s development, especially those committed to universal health care and primary assistance as the only paths to an effective health system. For an organization such as PAHO/WHO, whose institutional mission is to articulate collaborative strategic efforts among Member States, one of our responsibilities is to mobilize Cuban doctors and create all the necessary conditions for their work in Brazil. In addition, we also need to attempt to understand the sociocultural interactions that have resulted from their professional practice. This, to all of us, constitutes a duty, as it consciously allows us to repay the trust of the Brazilian and Cuban governments. To the approximately 18 thousand Cuban doctors who currently work or have worked in Brazil, the present publication could mean “…a new look at the Brazil we don’t see in soap operas….” They will certainly understand what we mean by that. This expression was used in several interviews conducted throughout the present research.Item Sociocultural characteristics of the rural population in Latin America: Their influence and their relationship to health : Technical discussions(1968)The rural population’s resistance to modern health measures is rooted in cultural notions of health and sickness that are bound up with values of an ethical, moral, and religious type. Physicians and health workers should not underestimate the importance of superstitions and empirical medical practices as obstacles to rural health programs.