Una década de labor del Instituto Carlos Finlay de Colombia
A decade of activity of the Carlos Finlay Institute of Colombia
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s.d., 1961
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The summary covers the years 1950-1959, a period of technical and financial cooperation with the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, and shows how an international organization can cooperate effectively with a government in the solution of problems of national and international importance
The Institute began its operation as the Section for Special Studies shortly after the demonstration of the existence of jungle yellow fever in Colombia in 1933. The early years of activity, up to 1948, were in cooperation with The Rockefeller Foundation
The current agreement between the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and the Instituto calls for the maintenance of a "viscerotomy" (partial autopsy: liver only) service for the recognition of yellow fever in the whole country; for the production, distribution, and application of 17D yellow fever vaccine; for the execution of epidemiological studies of yellow fever, especially in areas in which monkeys are scarce or non-existent; and for field and laboratory studies of other diseases caused by arborviruses
Originally the cooperative agreement included the Aëdes aegypti eradication operations. This activity was later turned over to the Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública but in 1957 was back again in the Instituto, for the terminal phases of the campaign
The Institute began its operation as the Section for Special Studies shortly after the demonstration of the existence of jungle yellow fever in Colombia in 1933. The early years of activity, up to 1948, were in cooperation with The Rockefeller Foundation
The current agreement between the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and the Instituto calls for the maintenance of a "viscerotomy" (partial autopsy: liver only) service for the recognition of yellow fever in the whole country; for the production, distribution, and application of 17D yellow fever vaccine; for the execution of epidemiological studies of yellow fever, especially in areas in which monkeys are scarce or non-existent; and for field and laboratory studies of other diseases caused by arborviruses
Originally the cooperative agreement included the Aëdes aegypti eradication operations. This activity was later turned over to the Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública but in 1957 was back again in the Instituto, for the terminal phases of the campaign
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Item Guide for the reports on the Aedes Aegypti eradication campaign in the Americas(PAHO, 1971)[Introduction]. The present campaign for the eradication of Aedes aegypti from the Western Hemisphere is a program of international cooperation in public health, and was undertaken in accordance with the following resolution 1 of the I Meeting of the Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization (Buenos Aires, 1947): The Directing Council Resolves: 1. To entrust to the Pan American Sanitary Bureau the solution of the continental problem of urban yellow fever, based fundamentally on the eradication of Aedes aegypti, without prejudice to other measures that regional circumstances may indicate. 2. To develop the program under the auspices of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, which, in agreement with the interested countries, shall take the necessary measures to solve such problems as may emerge in the campaign against yellow fever, whether they be sanitary, economic, or legal. This Guide explains the forms and procedures to be used in the preparation of the reports on the campaign. These are designed for use in the evaluation of the status and the progress of the campaign in a given country as a whole and in each initially positive locality. The usefulness of the reports will be greatly enhanced if they are transmitted regularly and promptly to the Pan American Sanitary Bureau. The reports are also very useful in the application and implementation of the various definitions and provisions concerning yellow fever transmitted by A. aegypti as contained in the International Health Regulations...Item Dr. Carlos Finlay(2014)Dr. Carlos J Finlay, a Cuban physician famous for his pioneering work on yellow fever. Also played a founding role in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau.Item The CAREC story. The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre: Contributions to Public Health 1975-2012(PAHO, 2017)[Introduction]: The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC) was established in January 1975 succeeding the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory (TRVL). The TRVL itself was established in 1952 by the Rockefeller Foundation in partnership with the Trinidad and Tobago Government. TRVL was engaged in much work on insect, tick and mite transmitted viruses, commonly called arboviruses. There was also great focus on yellow fever, and Mayaro and Oropouche viruses, which were new to science at that time, and had been isolated at TRVL. In the latter years work expanded to include respiratory and enteroviruses, such as poliomyelitis. TRVL also provided assistance to the veterinarians in isolating the virus of Newcastle disease in chickens. Non-viral diseases such as Leptospira, Toxoplasma and Trypanosoma were also investigated. Shortly thereafter, the Commonwealth Caribbean Countries and the Ministry of Overseas Development of the United Kingdom Government became associated with this effort and contributed financially to the work of TRVL. The TRVL was originally housed in one of the World War II army barracks on the waterfront of Port of Spain. It was administered by the Rockefeller Foundation with one of its staff members, Dr Wilbur G Downs, as its Director. The Rockefeller Foundation had spent many years studying yellow fever in the field and laboratory and made many discoveries on the natural history of yellow fever. The Rockefeller Foundation then decided to open field laboratories in selected countries around the world to see if there were other viruses lurking in the environment. They established laboratories in Poona, India; Johannesburg, South Africa; Berkeley, California, USA; Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago; Cali, Colombia; Belem, Brazil and subsequently in Nigeria. Trinidad was selected because it was a tropical island with good air and sea connections to the Caribbean and North and South America. Further, there was a good system of roads, a fairly dependable electricity supply and a promise of a dry-ice factory which was needed to store viruses at extremely low temperatures [...] The transition of TRVL to CAREC was a fast one takingc only two years and five months from conception to actual transfer. Mr K Mohammed, Minister of Health, Trinidad and Tobago, in his inaugural address to the First Council Meeting on 18 April 1975, noting this fast transition stated, “It is also evident that all the persons and organisations concerned, were motivated by a spirit of cooperation and a desire to improve health conditions in our countries and provide necessary training and scientific facilities for the good of our peoples...Item Planes futuros de la Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia para los Estados de la Frontera Norte de México(s.d.)The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare of Mexico has been carrying out programs aimed at maintaining the eradication of smallpox and yellow fever and controlling and, finally, eradicating diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, rabies and rheumatic feverItem La situación de la fiebre amarilla en Bolivia(s.d.)All outbreaks of yellow fever in Bolivia during the last five years have occurred in areas where the disease was known to exist previously, namely, at the foothills of the Andes to the West and to the South of Santa Cruz, up to the parallel 20 of latitude South; the provinces of Velasco and Nuflo de Chávez in the Department of Santa Cruz and the Kaka River valleys in the Department of La Paz. However, the endemic area proper would include all of the national territory to the East of the Andes up to an altitude of about 1,000 meters above sea level and to the north of parallel 20 as far as the border of Brazil, as, outside of the places affected during the last five years, other outbreaks have occurred in this area, since 1932, when the Yellow Fever Service was created. The Aedes aegypti was eradicated in 1942, Bolivia being the first American country to achieve this success. Since 1936, when the last yellow fever outbreak due to A. aegypti occurred (in Terebinto), this vector has ceased to have epidemiological significance, and all recent outbreaks have been of the jungle type. In 1941-1945, out of 2,354 samples of liver examined at the 66 existing viscerotomy posts, 47 proved positive. There were 104,426 vaccinations against yellow fever made in the country from 1938 to 1945(AU)
