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Item Widespread HIV counseling and testing linked to a community-based tuberculosis control program in a high-risk population(1996)The aim of the work reported here was to evaluate community-wide screening for HIV infection that was linked to a tuberculosis control program in a population at high risk for both infections. Between May 1990 and August 1992, adults in Cité Soleil, Haiti, were recruited by community health workers at their homes and in clinics for individual, clinic-based counseling and testing for HIV and tuberculosis. All of the screened subjects were offered post-test HIV counseling. Those with active tuberculosis received treatment, while those with latent tuberculosis and HIV infection were offered an opportunity to participate in a trial of antituberculosis chemoprophylaxis. The 10 611 individuals screened for HIV represented 10.0 percent of the adult population in Cité Soleil. HIV infection was detected in 1 629 (15.4 percent) and active tuberculosis in 242 (2.3 percent). Latent M. tuberculosis infection was found in 4 800 (67.5 percent) of 7 309 community residents who completed tuberculosis screening, 781 (16.3 percent) of whom were coinfected with HIV. The high prevalence of HIV infection found in this screened population, as compared to other groups undergoing HIV screening in the same community, suggests that people at high risk for HIV infection selectively sought or accepted tuberculosis clinic screening. Also, many people with active tuberculosis were identified earlier in the course of their disease than they would have been in the absence of a screening program. Overall, the results indicate that community-based screening for HIV infection within a tuberculosis control program can result in effective targeting of screening for both infectionsItem Intervening factors in the feeding of infants vertically-exposed to HIV: an integrative review(2017)Objective. To evaluate the available scientific literature on factors that may intervene in the adequate feeding of infants vertically-exposed to HIV. Methods. This was an integrative review of the literature, performed on the LILACS, PubMed and Scopus databases in February 2017. The search was guided by the question “What are the factors involved in feeding infants vertically-exposed to HIV.” Selected studies met the inclusion criteria of being research articles published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Articles excluded were those on exclusive breastfeeding. There was no need to perform a temporal cut off of the studies. Results. In all, the 32 primary studies selected showed that intervening factors were of three types: individual, such as maternal feelings and desires, beliefs, and practical difficulties; social, such as socioeconomic conditions, social support, and stigma; and political, such as health services structure and organization, supplies, health care guidance, and the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals. Conclusions. The factors that interfere with feeding infants vertically-exposed to HIV may be independent or associated with each other. To reduce the risk of inadequate nutrition and its associated diseases, actions must be taken to identify and minimize these factors, guaranteeing a better quality of life and reduction of infant morbidity and mortality.Item Epidemiological Bulletin, v. 15, n.3, Sep. 1994(PAHO, 1994)IN THIS ISSUE: Nutritional Situation in the Americas | Epidemic neuropathy in Cuba. An update. Leishmaniasis in the Americas | Publications: Health Conditions in the Americas, 1994 Edition | Epidemiology Congresses | AIDS Surveillance in the AmericasItem Sexual behavior and frequency of antibodies to type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in a group of Peruvian male homosexuals(s.d.)The most important risk factor for HIV infection in North America amd Western Europe is homosexual behavior. This article describes a 1988 survey of active male homosexuals in Lima, Peru, that investigated patterns of homosexual behavior and HIV seropositividad