Prevalencia de Chlamydia Trachomatis y Neisseria Gonorrhoeae en tres grupos de mujeres Ecuatorianas de distinta conducta sexual
Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in three groups of Ecuadorean women with different patterns of sexual behavior
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s.d., 1989
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In order to examine the relationhip between sexual conduct and infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus), the prevalence of these two microorganisms was studied in three groups of Ecuadorean women with different patterns of sexual behavior: 116 prostitutes, 136 women from Borbón Parish who had numerous sexual partners, and 61 pregnant women who had sexual relations with only one partner
The prevalence of infection from one or both of the agents was 53.4 percent in the prostitutes (n=62), 34.5 percent in the women from Brobón (n=47), and 1.6
in the pregnant women (n=1)
These results bear out the relationship between sexual behavior and risk of sexually transmitted disease
The prevalence of infection from one or both of the agents was 53.4 percent in the prostitutes (n=62), 34.5 percent in the women from Brobón (n=47), and 1.6
in the pregnant women (n=1)
These results bear out the relationship between sexual behavior and risk of sexually transmitted disease
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Item A systematic review of the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections in young people in Latin America(2022)[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To estimate the burden of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (TP), and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among people aged 10 to 25 in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched, as well as documents from regional organizations or national health Institutions. Population-based studies that reported prevalence or incidence of CT, NG, TP, and HPV detected through confirmatory tests in adolescents and young people were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimators were calculated in cases where heterogeneity was <70%; when not feasible, prevalence ranges were reported. Results. Out of a total of 3 583 references, 15 prevalence studies complied with the inclusion criteria. Due to substantial heterogeneity (>70%), it was not possible to pool frequency estimators. Among the general population, the prevalence of CT infection ranged between 2.1% and 30.1% (9 studies, 5 670 participants); for NG, prevalence ranged between 0% and 2.9% (8 studies, 5 855 participants); for TP, prevalence varied between 0% and 0.7% (3 studies, 11 208 participants), and for HPV infection, prevalence ranged between 25.1% and 55.6% (8 studies, 3 831 participants). Conclusions. Reliable, population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents and youth in Latin America and the Caribbean are limited. Additional studies are needed to better understand the burden of STIs in this population. However, given the substantial prevalence of STIs detected, countries need public health policies for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of STIs in young people.Item Validez de las tinciones de Giemsa y Lendrum en frotis conjuntivales para la identificación de Chlamydia trachomatis(1994)Con el oobjeto de encontrar pruebas diagnósticas confiables, válidas y económicas para identificar Chlamydia trachomatis en frotes conjuntivales, se evaluó la sensibilidad, especificidad y los valores predictivos positivo y negativo de las tinciones de Lendrum y Giemsa empleando como prueba de oro la inmunofluorescencia directa. Asimismo, se estimó la reproducibilidad inter e intraobservador empleando dos observadores independientes. Las lecturas se efectuaron a ciegas. La prevalencia de clamidiasis ocular en la zona del estudio oscilaba alrededor de 50 por ciento. En total se estudiaron 103 personas (206 ojos). A cada una se le hicieron frotis de cada ojo. Para estimar la reproducibilidad de las tinciones, se empleó el estadístico kappa. La reproducibilidad interobservador fue nula y la reproducibilidad intraobservador varió entré 0,35 y 0,79. La sensibilidad de la tinción de Giemsa es un poco más alta que la de Lendrum (28 por ciento y 22 por ciento respectivamente), y la especificidad, similiar (82 por ciento y 85 por ciento), respectivamente). Por consiguiente, la capacidad de ambas tinciones para detectar casos positivos es baja, así como su confiabilidad. Las tinciones de Lendrum y Giemsa no constituyen pruebas adecuadas para el diagnóstico de clamidiasis ocular. Para este propósito se recomienda utilizar la inmunofluorescencia directaItem Prevalence and incidence estimates for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and congenital syphilis in Colombia, 1995–2016(2018)[ABSTRACT]. Objectives. To estimate adult (15–49 years old) prevalence and incidence of active syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, and incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) and adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) in Colombia, over 1995–2016. Methods. The Spectrum-STI epidemiological model tool estimated gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalences as moving averages across prevalences observed in representative general population surveys. For adult syphilis, Spectrum-STI applied segmented polynomial regression through prevalence data from antenatal care (ANC) surveys, routine ANC-based screening, and general population surveys. CS cases and ABOs were estimated from Spectrum’s maternal syphilis estimates and proportions of women screened and treated for syphilis, applying World Health Organization case definitions and risk probabilities. Results. The Spectrum model estimated prevalences in 2016 of 0.70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15%-1.9%) in women and 0.60% (0.1%-1.9%) in men for gonorrhea and of 9.2% (4.4%-15.4%) in women and 7.4% (3.5%-14.7%) in men for chlamydia, without evidence for trends over 1995–2016. The prevalence of active syphilis in 2016 was 1.25% (1.22–1.29%) in women and 1.25% (1.1%-1.4%) in men, decreasing from 2.6% (2.1%-3.2%) in women in 1995. Corresponding CS cases in 2016 (including cases without clinical symptoms) totaled 3 851, of which 2 245 were ABOs. Annual CS and ABO estimates decreased over 2008–2016, reflecting decreasing maternal prevalence and increasing cases averted through ANC-based screening and treatment. Conclusions. The available surveillance and monitoring data synthesized in Spectrum-STI—and the resulting first-ever national STI estimates for Colombia—highlighted Colombia’s persistently high STI burden. Adult syphilis and congenital syphilis are estimated to be falling, reflecting improving screening efforts. Strengthened surveillance, including with periodic screening in low-risk populations and future refined Spectrum estimations, should support planning and implementation of STI prevention and control, including CS elimination.Item Epidemiological Alert, Multi-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (15 July 2011)(PAHO, 2011)Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the world. The WHO estimates there are 88 million cases annually. The infection is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, transmitted through unprotected sexual relations and can affect various organs.Item Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Consolidated Guidance(PAHO, 2020)Prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment are essential for the control and elimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a public health problem. Currently, in Latin America and the Caribbean, treatment for gonorrhea infection is largely empiric and based on clinical diagnosis. In the Americas, the high burden of new N. gonorrhoeae infections (estimated at 11 million new cases a year), the complexity of the disease epidemiology, and in many countries the limited resources, make it difficult to fully understand the burden of disease and the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in N. gonorrhoeae. PAHO has developed this document to facilitate the navigation of available guidance and recommendations for N. gonorrhoeae AMR surveillance by public health and health care professionals, at the national and subnational levels, involved in designing, implementing, and/or strengthening AMR surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae and overall surveillance of sexually transmitted infections. This document aims to consolidate guidance on AMR surveillance for N. gonorrhoeae from documents published by WHO and PAHO, and strives to assemble relevant information in a summarized manner to help countries in strengthening and/or developing AMR surveillance systems for N. gonorrhoeae.