Cross-national research to help countries prepare for an aging popolation
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Cross-national research to help countries prepare for an aging popolation. (2001). [Journal articles]. http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892001001000013&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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(2001) Cross-national research to help countries prepare for an aging popolation. Rev Panam Salud Publica;10(4) 277-283,oct. 2001. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892001001000013&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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Item Evaluating policy responses to noncommunicable diseases in seven Caribbean countries: challenges to addressing unhealthy diets and physical inactivity(2018)[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To identify, assess, and compare existing policies on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Caribbean, gaps in policy responses, and the factors influencing successful policy development and implementation following the Port of Spain Declaration of 2007. Specifically, to examine policies that target the upstream determinants of two NCD risk factors—unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. Methods. A total of 76 semi-structured interviews with 80 relevant stakeholders in government, the private sector, and civil society were complemented by policy document analysis. Interviews were analyzed pragmatically, framed by the CARICOM government commitments, the WHO NCD Action Plan, a Multiple Streams framework approach, and realist evaluation ideas. Results. 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International pushback limited legislation to reduce food imports and the absence of an international/regional framework, similar to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, further impedes efforts. Conclusions. Regional collaboration and political support across sectors are essential to accelerating the pace of action to support healthy eating and active living environments. Policy “blueprints” could accelerate the process of development. Regional “NCD champions” could spearhead such responses and approaches.Item Cross-sectional study on the utilization of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Policy on Research for Health(2018)[ABSTRACT]. This report contributes towards the monitoring and evaluation of the Pan American Health Organization/ World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) Policy on Research for Health (CD49/10), specifically, how it has been used by Member States and how it has influenced their policies, strategies, research, and relevant stakeholders. This cross-sectional study examined the frequency, method of utilization, region of interest or “scope,” and rationale behind citing the Policy in PAHO/WHO documents, databases, government websites, and internal documents. The extent of utilization was measured through an ordinal scale; the country or region of interest was systematically extracted. Of the 993 documents that were identified through the search strategy, 95 met the inclusion criteria. There was a significant relationship between type of document and scope (χ2 = 69.5; P < 0.001), with web pages and scientific articles covering the Americas more frequently mentioning the Policy. The Policy was most often used at the country level in government documents and at the regional level in webpages and journal articles. Although the Policy has been utilized by several countries, many countries have yet to integrate it with their national health research initiatives. Additional research should focus on understanding why Policy utilization differs among countries. To promote better cohesion across sectors and levels of governance, researchers and policymakers should seize opportunities to integrate the Policy with the research process, research governance, and policy development. The protocol developed for this study can be applied to similar analyses of other PAHO/WHO policies to gain a greater understanding of their influence.Item Enfoques, evolución y afrontamiento del envejecimiento demográfico en Cuba(2018)[RESUMEN]. El envejecimiento demográfico en Cuba ha provocado cambios considerables en la mortalidad y la morbilidad; su tendencia creciente y alta velocidad comprometen la atención de la persona mayor, de ahí que sea un desafío para la salud pública. Este artículo, que abarca el período 1950-2015, tiene como finalidad exponer la situación de este fenómeno poblacional desde una visión positiva, según tres aspectos: el envejecimiento como logro, desafío y oportunidad de desarrollo; las transiciones demográfica y epidemiológica; y las políticas y estrategias para afrontarlo. La tasa general de fecundidad ha descendido desde 4,01 hasta 1,45, y la esperanza de vida al nacer y la esperanza de vida a la tercera edad se han incrementado desde 59,40 hasta 78,45 años y desde 16,04 hasta 22,58, respectivamente. La proporción de personas de 60 años o más en Cuba asciende a 19,8%. El cuadro de morbilidad y mortalidad ha cambiado de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas a las no transmisibles. 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