Leishmaniases. Epidemiological Report of the Americas, December 2019
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Leishmaniases. Epidemiological Report of the Americas, December 2019. (2019). [Newsletters]. PAHO. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51734
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2019
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[Introduction]. Since 2012, the year of the beginning of the Regional Information System for Leishmaniases in the Americas (SisLeish), countries have been making great effort to include the data within the required time, which is April 30th of the subsequent year. One of the performance indicators of the Plan of Action for Leishmaniases in the Americas 2017-2022 is the number of endemic countries that timely report the cutaneous/mucosal and visceral leishmaniasis data at the second administrative political level in SisLeish. In 2013, from the 17 countries that report data to PAHO/WHO, 29% entered the data until the scheduled date, 18% up to three months later (July 30th) and 53% six months later (October 30th).
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Introduction | Epidemiological Status: Cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis; Visceral Leishmaniasis | Final considerations | References
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Item Leishmaniases. Epidemiological Report in the Americas, July 2016(PAHO, 2016)[Introduction]. The leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases with a zoonotic cycle in the Americas and remain a problem to public health. This disease presents a high burden capable of yielding severe clinical forms that may cause deformities, disabilities and death. Bolivia and Peru are among the countries with the highest global DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life of Years) of cutaneous/mucosal leishmaniasis and Brazil is among the countries with the highest fatality rates for visceral leishmaniasis. In the last five years, the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) has been promoting access to diagnosis and treatment to endemic countries. Furthermore, surveillance actions have been improved and strengthened in order to guide, prioritize activities and establish technical cooperation. Since the implementation of the Leishmaniasis Information System (SisLeish/PAHO/OMS), regional data have been aggregated and consolidated, thus allowing analysis and monitoring of the disease. From the 18 endemic countries, 17 have individual or aggregated mandatory notification for leishmaniasis, and 43.75% (240,635,853) of the population are exposed to the risk.Item Leishmaniasis: Epidemiological Report for the Americas. No.11 (December 2022)(PAHO, 2022)This report presents a detailed analysis of 2021 data on leishmaniases in the Region of the Americas and includes a series of infographics with specific data on cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in endemic countries. In addition, it describes the trend of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the period 2001-2021 and includes partial analyses of the goals of the Plan of Action to strengthen the surveillance and control of leishmaniases in the Americas 2017-2022. Preliminary analyses of targets and indicators show that, at the regional level, the goals were not achieved. However, progress has been made towards the goals of reducing the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis and reducing cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children under 10 years of age. On the other hand, if the country targets are analyzed, several met or made progress towards the targets compared to the baseline, demonstrating the commitment and effort of the Ministries of Health to improving the quality of surveillance, care and control of the disease.Item Leishmaniasis: Epidemiological Report of the Americas, No. 10 (December 2021)(PAHO, 2021)The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) continues to support endemic countries in order to achieve the objectives of controlling and eliminating leishmaniasis as a public health problem in the Region, in accordance with the PAHO Disease Elimination Initiative: A Policy for an Integrated Sustainable Approach to Communicable Diseases in the Americas, the World Health Organization (WHO) Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases for 2021 to 2030 and the Plan of Action to Strengthen Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control in the Americas 2017-2022. PAHO has provided support to endemic countries and together with them has implemented initiatives aimed at promoting prevention, surveillance, and control actions, with the aim of reducing morbidity, mortality and severe forms of the disease through access to early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and the reduction of contact between people and leishmaniasis vectors. This report presents a detailed analysis of cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis data in the Region of the Americas for 2020 and includes a series of infographics with specific data on cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in endemic countries. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, active search activities, early detection and treatment of cases, as well as other field activities, have been reduced. Among the challenges facing the Region, we highlight the need for countries to resume activities and move forward with the diagnosis and treatment of cases of the different clinical forms of the disease. Furthermore, it is necessary to identify strategies for the follow-up and monitoring of cases, in order to achieve the targets of treating at least 90% of patients diagnosed with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis, as well as reducing the lethality of visceral leishmaniasis to less than 50% in the Region.Item Leishmaniases. Epidemiological Report in the Americas, February 2018(PAHO, 2018)[Introduction]. The leishmaniasis are diseases with elevated incidence rate and wide geographic distribution in the Americas. They remain a challenge for national and regional programs, since they require a technical, operative and political effort to sustain the systematic development of surveillance, prevention and control actions towards these diseases. In 2017, delegates of the endemic countries, who attended the Regional Leishmaniasis Meeting, approved the Leishmaniasis Plan of Action 2017-2022 for the Americas, which details the goals, indicators and actions to reinforce the commitments of PAHO's Directing Council Resolution CD55.R9 of 2016. The objective of the Plan is to reduce morbidity and mortality by leishmaniasis in the Region through strengthening of the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, prevention, surveillance and control. It also has four regional goals which are to be reached by 2022: 1) Reduce the visceral leishmaniasis fatality rate by 50%; 2) reduce cutaneous/mucosal leishmaniasis deaths by 90%; 3) reduce the proportion of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children under 10 years old by 50%; and 4) reduce the visceral leishmaniasis incidence according to the epidemiological scenario of each country.Item Leishmaniases. Epidemiological Report of the Americas, December 2020(PAHO, 2020)In the Americas, leishmaniasis are a public health problem due to their magnitude and geographic distribution and because they produce clinical forms that can cause death, disability, and mutilation. In recent years, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)—in accordance with the mandate conferred in the PAHO initiative for disease elimination: policy for an Integrated Sustainable Approach to Communicable Diseases in the Americas (Resolution CD57/7, approved by the Directing Council of PAHO in 2019) and in line with the roadmap for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030 (published by the World Health Organization in 2020)—has supported endemic countries, with which it has developed joint initiatives in favor of strengthening surveillance and control actions, with the goal of reducing severe forms of the disease, through access to early diagnosis, adequate treatment of cases and reduction of contact between people and vectors. The organization of services, the strengthening of knowledge and the technical capacity of professionals in diagnosis and treatment, as well as the strengthening of entomological capacities and the surveillance system to provide updated information, are measures that have been implemented and promoted in the Americas. This report presents the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in the Region, through a detailed analysis of the data corresponding to 2019, reported to the Regional Information System of Leishmaniasis in the Americas (SisLeish), as well as infographics of the endemic countries.