Mortalidad por enfermedad diarreicas agudas en menores de 5 anos: Cuba, 1959-1987
Mortality from acute diarrheal diseases in children under 5: Cuba, 1959-1987
Loading...
Cite
Date
s.d., 1989
Document Number
ISBN
eISBN
ISSN
DOI
Authors
Other Language Versions
Description
Mortality from acute diarrheal diseases in Cuban children under 5 for the period 1959-1987 is analyzed. The data come from the Public Health Ministry's National Bureau of Statistics and other sources. The death rate in children under 5 delined from 28.5 per 10.000 in 1959 to 1.4 in 1987, or 95.1 percent. In the 1-4 age group it was reduced by 97.8 percent, and in those under 1 year, by 94.2 percent. In 1959 the deaths from acute diarrheal diseases represented 30.6 percent of all deaths in children under 5; 29.5 percent in those under 1 year, and 34.0 in those between 1 and 4. In contrast, by 1987 the respective figures had fallen to 4.1, 1.5, and 2.2 percent. The acute diarrheal disease situation in several countries of the Americas is stated for purposes of comparison and, finally, factors that have helped to ower mortality from this cause are analyzed as are other factors which will contribute to it in the future
Notes
Pages
Volume
Replaces
Table of contents
Link to WHO's original document
Link to WHO's original document
Subject
Category
Youtube URI
Citation
Status Mendates
Collections
License
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Item Advances in pediatrics and child care in Cuba, 1959-1974(1976)This article describes the major activities carried out since 1959 in the field of pediatrics and child care in Cuba. In particular, it notes the improvements made through establishment of a national health system and through the participation of community organizations (the Federation of Cuban Women, Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, associations of small farmers, and trade unions) and shows how perinatal, infant, and childhood mortality have been significantly reduced. As of 1973 perinatal mortality had fallen to 27.9 deaths per 1,000 live births, infant mortality to 27.4 deaths per 1,000 live births, preschool mortality to 1.2 per 1,000 children, and school-age mortality, to 0.4 per 1,000 children. This report also cites data on available physical and manpower resources, and outlines a large range of activities linked to a Comprehensive Child Care Program undertaken in 1967. This program, in which newborns are enrolled upon leaving the maternity, seeks to encourage breast-feeding, to promote the activities of well-baby clinics, to provide special examinations for malnourished infants, to provide health care for preschool and school-age children, to promote pediatric medical visits to the home, to assist with camps for asthmatic and diabetic children, to provide pediatric services at pioneer and other camps for schoolchildren, to carry out health education activities, and to combat communicable disease. In particular, activites to prevent communicable disease appear responsible for a good part of the progress achieved to date. As a result of these activities malaria and diphtheria have been eradicated, poliomyelitis has been overcome, and the incidences of tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, tetanus (among both newborns and children under 15), and acute diarrheal disease have been substantially reduced (Au)Item La enfermedad diarreica aguda en los países en vías de desarrollo : Sus cracterísticas epidemiológicas en la población rural de Guatemala(s.d.)A field study of acute undifferentiated diarrheal disease in three villages of rural Guatemala demonstrated maximum incidence to be among infants and younger preschool children, especially those aged 6 to 24 months. Death rates in the second year of life were 36 per 1000 children per year, in the first year, 17, and in the fifth year, 9. The initial or index case in 72 percent of 390 family outbreaks was a preschool child; more than a third were less than a year old. Multiple index cases, indicative of common source infection, were rare. Secondary attack rates among family contacts were 1.4 percent; when the infection spread in families it was mainly to other preschool childrenItem Tratamiento de diarrea aguda en ninos: estudio comparativo de tres soluciones de rehidratacion oral y venoclisis en Colombia(1987)In San Vicente de Paul University Hospital, at Medellin Colombia, a comparative study was made of the effectiveness of three oral rehidration solutions of different composition and I.V, therapy in 144 children under five years of age that presented with acute diarrheal disease and dehiydration. These children were divided into four groups to which were administered, respectively, Pedialyte solution, WHO solution, glucosaline solution, and I.V. therapy. The responses of the groups to their repective treatments were compared and the complications and etiology were identified. The patients were positive 53.6 percent for rotaviruses, and 26.4 percent for bacterial enteropathogens, 9.7 percent harboted Ascaris lumbricoides, 4.9 percent trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, and 2.1 percent Giarida lambilia. Of all patientes treated with oral solutions, 91.7 percent rehydrated well regardless of the solution administered and the etiology, 75 percent of them in the first 12 hours. The average rehydration time was 9 hours by the oral and 25 hours by the parenteral route. There was no case of hypernatremia or other complications in the patients who received oral therapy. Hyponatremia and acidosis present at admission reponded better to the WHO solution than to the other treatments. There were 9 failures, 3 of them attributed to intolerance to glucose, the other 6 to profuse diarrhea and/or vomitingItem La patogénesis de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas en los primeros años de vida(s.d.)In the City of Guatemala, diarrheal diseases are the principal cause of infant mortality. In order to clarify the pathogenesis of this type of malady, clinical and bacteriological investigations as well as autopsies were made on 63 consecutive deaths among hospitalized children. Fifty children had diarrheal disease and 35 of these showed advanced malnutrition. There was no evidence that the disease was attributable to a specific infectious agent, and only in 23 cases were bacterial pathogens present. In children who suffered at the same time from diarrheal disease and malnutrition, a non-ulcerous inflammatory response was noted in the jejunal mucosa, accompanied by a sharp local increase in the bacterial population. The author suggests that malnutrition in children may favor high bacterial populations in the jejunum and that their presence may be the cause of the non-ulcerative inflammatory reaction and the appearance of the symptoms of diarrheal disease. As therapeutic measures the use of antibiotics and rehydration to compensate for loss of liquids are recommended in the short run, and improvement of the nutritional state of patients in the long runItem Diarrheal diseases of infancy in Cali, Colombia: study design and summary report on isolated disease agents(1976)For public health reasons, it is important that the etiologic agents of early childhood diarrhea be isolated and identified, and that their routes of transmission be defined. This is especially true in tropical and subtropical developing countries, where childhood patterns of exposure to diarrheal disease agents usually differ from those in developed countries, and where diarrheal illness is a frequent harbinger of death among children under five years of age. This artical describes a study designed to identify diarrheal disease agents and transmission patterns in Cali, a large city of western Colombia's fertile Cauca River Valley. The study area, composed of five working-class districts with a total population of some 40,000, appeared to provide an environment fairly similar to those of many other «average» working-class communities in Latin America. Beginning in July 1962, a cohort of 296 children being born in these districts was studied, the period of investigation starting with the date of birth and continuing until each child's second birthday or its premature withdrawal from the study. Weekly home visits were made to establish defecation patterns, feeding practices, and anthropometry. The resulting data were then analyzed in terms of defecation frequencies, occurrence of liquid stools, and the presence of blood, mucus, or pus in the stools. Differences were noted in male and female defecation patterns and in the defecation frequencies of different age groups. Stool specimens for bacteriologic, virologic, and parasitologic examination were collected monthly on a regular basis and weekly when diarrhea occurred. Numerically, viruses were isolated and identified more often than other agents. The most commonly isolated parasite species and viral and bacterial serotypes were G. lamblia (from 222 subjects), echovirus 11 (from 166 subjects), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 026:B6 (from 138 subjects). Compared with the findings of several studies in other countries, isolations of shigellae were relatively rare (Au)