Know well to do good
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Piwonka de A., M. A., Bustos D., I., Gaete Q., E., & Urrutia B., M. (1990). Know well to do good [Journal articles]. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/27126
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1990
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Health care should be entrusted to professionals who have received well-rounded training in the humanitarian as well as the technical aspects of such care. Training of this sort is essential for effective resolution of ethical conflicts that arise in professional practice. Starting from that premise, this article examines a number of ethical problems commonly encountered by nurses in the course of their daily work
Available in Spanish in Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam 108(5/6):426-30, 1990
Available in Spanish in Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam 108(5/6):426-30, 1990
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Item Current trends in biomedical ethics in the United States(1990)Enormous growth of medical activities and issues in the 1960s and 1970s stimulated birth of the field of contemporary biomedical ethics. Nevertheless, when one examines recent trends within the field in the United States, one is struck with how many significant transformations and developments have occurred since that time. This presentation examines recent developments in five areas- those of patient rights and autonomy, termination of life, manipulation of Nature, health care resource allocation, and decision-making by the general public. The author also notes that although bioethical issues have become politicized as major interest groups and the general public have become increasingly involved, the quest for consensus remains a central one for health care ethics in the United StatesItem The relationship of autonomy and integrity in medical ethics(1990)The emergence of autonomy as a sociopolitical, legal, and moral concept has profoundly influenced medical ethics. It has shifted the center of decision-making from the physician to the patient and reoriented the whole physician-patient relationship toward a relationship more open, more honest, and more respectful of the dignity of the person of the patient. But autonomy is insufficient to guarantee the nuances and the full meanings of respect for persons in medical transactions. As a foundation for medical relationships, the concept of integrity is richer, more fundamental, and more closely tied to what it is to be a whole human person. So, for reasons outlined in this article, we should deepeen our grasp of the notion that autonomy depends upon preserving the integrity of persons and that both integrity of persons and autonomy depend on the physicianItem Organ transplantation: The Latin American legislative response(1990)As medical barriers to human organ transplants have fallen, serious legal and ethical obstacles have emerged. This article provides and overview of those obstacles, taking into account the relevant legislation in force in 16 Latin American countries in 1989. The author proceeds by considering postmortem and inter-vivos organ donations separately and examining the principal ethical and legal issues relating to each kind. In the case of postmortem donation these deal mainly with donor consent, recipient selection, funding of transplant costs, and possible conflict of interest. In the case of inter-vivos donation they relate again to donor consent and funding as well as to certain other matters- notably donor compensation, commerce in organs, and international sharing of organs. On the whole it is concluded that the countries of Latin America, together with the nations of the world in general, urgently need to develop more comprehensive legislation on organ procurement and transplantationItem Bioethics: Its philosophical basis and application(1990)Contemporary medicine involves a lot more than technologies that now permit effective medical intervention where none was possible before. Among other things changes in technology have been accompanied by changes in social and cultural attitudes that are having major effects on health care and medical practice. This article provides a brief overview of many of the more important changes and their relationship to developments in the field of medical bioethicsItem On informed consent(1990)The question of whether patients should influence medical decisions, and if so how much, is not simple. Among other things, it is necessary to decide whether the patient's well-being should take precedence over respect for the patient's autonomy, or vice versa; whether or not the patient has the capacity to exercise true autonomy; what the information should be furnished in order to provide the patient with the basis for making a decision about treatment; and how such information should be provided. This article examines these matters, reviews the pros and cons of various methods for obtaining patients' informed consent, presents some broad guidelines for dealing with informed consent issues in a therapeutic setting, and discusses ethical principles that should be applied in obtaining patients' informed consent to participate in clinical research