Fortalecimento da governança regional e da rede de atenção à saúde em municípios pequenos no Brasil
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Silva, J. F. M. da, Pantaleão, C. M., Santos, C. F. dos, Leles, F. A. G., Rocha, K. P. W. P., Freitas Giacometti, L. C. T. de, Terabe, S. H., Galiano, S. G., & Neto, V. A. C. (2023). Fortalecimento da governança regional e da rede de atenção à saúde em municípios pequenos no Brasil [Journal articles]. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/57875
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2023
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1680 5348
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[RESUMO]. No Brasil, 67,7% dos municípios têm menos de 20 mil habitantes, sendo caracterizados como de pequeno porte. O objetivo do presente artigo é sistematizar a experiência e identificar os desafios e as lições aprendidas na implantação do modelo de fortalecimento da governança regional e da organização da rede de atenção à saúde (RAS) em uma região do Brasil composta por esses municípios, que apresentam baixa capacidade técnica e orçamentária, além de fragilidades diversas relacionadas à organização da RAS. Na perspectiva do fortalecimento da governança regional e da organização do processo de trabalho da atenção primária em saúde (APS) e, por consequência, dos fluxos com os outros níveis de atenção, foi proposta a estratégia intitulada Mais Cuidado Mais Saúde, desenvolvida em parceria com a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) e o Ministério da Saúde. O projeto foi executado por meio de processos de educação permanente em saúde e fortalecimento de capacidades institucionais na região de Ivaiporã/Paraná, com oficinas descentralizadas, contemplando três eixos prioritários: integração da RAS, formação de capacidades e gestão da informação. O público-alvo foram as equipes de APS ampliada. O projeto permitiu desenvolver capacidades locais e de governança regional por meio de reflexões conjuntas a respeito do modelo de atenção à saúde, de seus componentes e das mudanças necessárias nos processos de trabalho para a promoção de saúde com foco na qualidade de vida dos usuários. Por se tratar de uma experiência que considera as fragilidades, necessidades e autonomia dos atores locais, o projeto tem alto poder de replicação e customização para outras regiões com características similares dentro e fora do Brasil.
[ABSTRACT]. In Brazil, 67.7% of the municipalities are characterized as small, with a population of less than 20 thousand. The objective of this article is to systematize the experience and identify the challenges and lessons learned in the implementation of the model for strengthening regional governance and organizing the health care network (HCN) in a region of Brazil composed of these municipalities, which present low technical and budgetary capacity, in addition to various fragilities related to the organization of the HCN. With a view to strengthening regional governance and the organization of the primary health care (PHC) work process and, consequently, the workflow with other levels of care, a strategy entitled More Care More Health (Mais Cuidado Mais Saúde) was proposed, developed in partnership with the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and the Ministry of Health. The project was developed through permanent health education and institutional capacity building in the region of Ivaiporã, state of Paraná, based on workshops and addres- sing three priority axes: HCN integration, capacity building and information management. The target audience were the extended PHC teams. The project made it possible to develop local and governance capacities through joint reflections on the health care model, its components and the necessary changes in work proces- ses for health promotion with a focus on the quality of life of users. Because it is an experience that considers the weaknesses, needs and autonomy of local actors, the project has a high potential for replication and cus- tomization for other regions with similar characteristics inside and outside Brazil.
[RESUMEN]. En Brasil, 67,7% de los municipios se clasifican como pequeños, puesto que tienen menos de 20 000 habitantes. El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar la experiencia adquirida y determinar cuáles son los desafíos y las enseñanzas extraídas en la implementación del modelo de fortalecimiento de la gobernanza regional y de la organización de la red de atención de salud en una región de Brasil compuesta por municipios de este tipo, que tienen poca capacidad técnica y presupuestaria y diversas debilidades relacionadas con la organización de dicha red. Desde la perspectiva del fortalecimiento de la gobernanza regional y de la organización del proceso de trabajo en el campo de la atención primaria de salud y, por consiguiente, de los flujos asistenciales con los demás niveles de atención, se propuso la estrategia Más cuidado, más salud, formulada junto con la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) y el Ministerio de Salud. El proyecto se ejecutó por medio de procesos de educación permanente en salud y fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales en la región de Ivaiporã, Estado de Paraná, con talleres descentralizados, dentro de tres ejes prioritarios, a saber, integración de red de atención de salud, capacitación y gestión de la información. El público destinatario fueron los equipos de atención primaria de salud ampliada. El proyecto permitió el desarrollo de las capacidades locales y la gobernanza regional por medio de reflexiones conjuntas sobre el modelo de atención de salud, sus elementos constitutivos y los cambios necesarios en los procesos de trabajo para impulsar la promoción de la salud centrada en la calidad de vida de los usuarios. Por tratarse de una experiencia en la cual se tienen en cuenta las debilidades, las necesidades y la autonomía de los acto- res locales, el proyecto tiene un alto poder de repetición y adaptación en otras regiones con características similares dentro y fuera de Brasil.
[ABSTRACT]. In Brazil, 67.7% of the municipalities are characterized as small, with a population of less than 20 thousand. The objective of this article is to systematize the experience and identify the challenges and lessons learned in the implementation of the model for strengthening regional governance and organizing the health care network (HCN) in a region of Brazil composed of these municipalities, which present low technical and budgetary capacity, in addition to various fragilities related to the organization of the HCN. With a view to strengthening regional governance and the organization of the primary health care (PHC) work process and, consequently, the workflow with other levels of care, a strategy entitled More Care More Health (Mais Cuidado Mais Saúde) was proposed, developed in partnership with the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and the Ministry of Health. The project was developed through permanent health education and institutional capacity building in the region of Ivaiporã, state of Paraná, based on workshops and addres- sing three priority axes: HCN integration, capacity building and information management. The target audience were the extended PHC teams. The project made it possible to develop local and governance capacities through joint reflections on the health care model, its components and the necessary changes in work proces- ses for health promotion with a focus on the quality of life of users. Because it is an experience that considers the weaknesses, needs and autonomy of local actors, the project has a high potential for replication and cus- tomization for other regions with similar characteristics inside and outside Brazil.
[RESUMEN]. En Brasil, 67,7% de los municipios se clasifican como pequeños, puesto que tienen menos de 20 000 habitantes. El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar la experiencia adquirida y determinar cuáles son los desafíos y las enseñanzas extraídas en la implementación del modelo de fortalecimiento de la gobernanza regional y de la organización de la red de atención de salud en una región de Brasil compuesta por municipios de este tipo, que tienen poca capacidad técnica y presupuestaria y diversas debilidades relacionadas con la organización de dicha red. Desde la perspectiva del fortalecimiento de la gobernanza regional y de la organización del proceso de trabajo en el campo de la atención primaria de salud y, por consiguiente, de los flujos asistenciales con los demás niveles de atención, se propuso la estrategia Más cuidado, más salud, formulada junto con la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) y el Ministerio de Salud. El proyecto se ejecutó por medio de procesos de educación permanente en salud y fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales en la región de Ivaiporã, Estado de Paraná, con talleres descentralizados, dentro de tres ejes prioritarios, a saber, integración de red de atención de salud, capacitación y gestión de la información. El público destinatario fueron los equipos de atención primaria de salud ampliada. El proyecto permitió el desarrollo de las capacidades locales y la gobernanza regional por medio de reflexiones conjuntas sobre el modelo de atención de salud, sus elementos constitutivos y los cambios necesarios en los procesos de trabajo para impulsar la promoción de la salud centrada en la calidad de vida de los usuarios. Por tratarse de una experiencia en la cual se tienen en cuenta las debilidades, las necesidades y la autonomía de los acto- res locales, el proyecto tiene un alto poder de repetición y adaptación en otras regiones con características similares dentro y fuera de Brasil.
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Silva JFM, Pantaleão CM, Santos CF, Leles FAG, Rocha KPW, Giacometti LCTF et al. Fortalecimento da governança regional e da rede de atenção à saúde em municípios pequenos no Brasil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2023;47:e120. https://doi. org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.120
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